TOEFL

A. Definition Toefl

     TOEFL Test of English as a Foreign Language TOEFL is abbreviated test of English language proficiency (American accent) are required to sign in to college (college) or university in the United States or other countries in the world. This exam is required for applicants or speaker native language is not English. TOEFL exam is organized by the office of ETS (Educational Testing Service) in the United States for all test takers around the world. Types TOEFL English test is generally required for college entrance requirements at most universities in the United States and Canada for undergraduate programs (S-1) and graduate (S-2 or S-3). The results of the TOEFL test is also used as a consideration of the language skills of the students who apply to universities in other countries, including universities in Europe and Australia. In general, the TOEFL test is more oriented to American English, and a bit different from the types of IELTS test orientation to British English. Unlike IELTS, TOEFL test is generally not have individual part interview test. Usually this test takes about three hours and is organized in four parts, namely the: listening comprehension, grammar structure and written expression, reading comprehension, and the writing. Values ​​ranged TOEFL exam results: 310 (minimum) to 677 (maximum value) for the version of the PBT (paper-based test). Since 1998, the TOEFL test is conducted online using a computer (Computer-based Testing / CBT), and since 2005 called the iBT (Internet-based Test). In places that have not been able to implement CBT or iBT (because there are no computer facilities and internet network), the TOEFL exam is still conducted manually using paper and pencil (paper-based test or PBT). More information about the test CBT and paper-based TOEFL relating to registration, venue, cost, and test preparation materials can be found on the official website of TOEFL, http://www.toefl.org (CBT version of the TOEFL exam results have value ranges from 0 to 300, while the value for the iBT is from 0 to 120) [1]. Lately TOEFL test organizers also held a kind of test TWE (Test of Written English) are the result of separate value TOEFL test scores. This test takes 30 minutes, and participants will be asked to write a short essay that describes the ability of participants to express and pour a thought or idea, and supports the idea with examples found in everyday life in the English language that standards. Another type of test is TSEP TOEFL (Test of Spoken English Program) which is similar to that of individual interviews on the IELTS test. This test is usually used when we want to register as a teaching assistant or lab assistant (as one way to offset the cost of tuition) in universias in the U.S. (or other countries). Forms of tests conducted orally and lasts for about 20 minutes. Time management and deadline for registration is the same as the other TOEFL tests, and costs about U.S. $ 100. ( Andriyani, 2013)

B. Structure and Written Expression

1. A three-foot octopus can crawl through a hole ------ in diameter.

   (A) than one inch less

   (B) less than one inch

   (C) one less inch than

   (D) than less one inch

2. ------ adopted the decimal system of coinage in 1867.

   (A) Canada

   (B) When Canada

   (C) Canada, which

   (D) There was Canada

3. Generally, the representatives ------ a legislature are constitutionally elected by a   broad spectrum of the population.

   (A) who they compose

   (B) who compose

   (C) had compose

   (D) compose

4. The Actor’s Studio, a professional actors’ workshop in New York City, provides ------where actors can work together without the pressure of commercial production.

   (A) a place and

   (B) a place

   (C) so that a place

   (D) a place is

5. ------ that life began billions of years ago in the water.

   (A) It is believed

   (B) In the belief

   (C) The belief

   (D) Believing

6. By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, ------ astonishing expansion credited largely to the Morrill Act of 1862.

   (A) because

   (B) an

   (C) to which

   (D) was

7. The artist Romare Bcarden was ------ whose yellows, deep blues, and fuchsias contrasted strongly with photographic gray in his bright collages.

   (A) with a gift for color

   (B) a gifted colorist

   (C) a gift with colorful

   (D) gifted with coloring

8. The most important chemical catalyst on this planet is chlorophyll, -------carbon dioxide and water react to form carbohydrates.

    (A) whose presence

    (B) which is present

    (C) presenting

    (D) in the presence of which

9. One theory of the origin of the universe is-------from the explosion of a tiny, extremely dense fireball several billion years ago.

   (A) because what formed

   (B) the formation that

   (C) that it formed

   (D) when forming

10. Roads in the United States remained crude,------- with graved or wood planks, until the beginning of the twentieth century.

   (A) were unsurefaced or they covered them

   (B) which unsureface or covered

   (C) unsurfaced or covered them

   (D) unsurfaced or covered

11. Portrait prints were the first reproductions of American paintings ------- widely distributed in the United States.

   (A) were

   (B) that which

   (C) that being

   (D) to be

12. Abigail Adams was prodigious letter writer, ------- many editions of her letters have been published.

   (A) who

   (B) and

   (C) in addition to

   (D) due to

13. In geometry, an ellipse may be defined as the locus of all points -------distances from two fixed points is constant.

  (A) which as the sum of

  (B) of the sum which

  (C) whose sum of whose

  (D) whose sum that the

14. -------at the site of a fort established by the Northwest Mounted Police, Calgary is now one of Canada’s fastest growing cities.

  (A) Built

  (B) It is built

  (C) To build

  (D) Having built

15. An image on a national flag can symbolize political ideals that -------express.

  (A) take many words to otherwise would.

  (B) would take to many otherwise words

  (C) many words to take would otherwise

  (D) would otherwise take many words to

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